RFID

RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) can be defined as Automatic identification technology which uses radio-frequency electromagnetic fields to identify objects carrying tags when they come close to a reader. RFID technology is a simple method of exchanging data between two entities namely a reader/writer and a tag. This communication allows information about the tag or the element carrying the tag to be determined and in this way it enables processes to be managed more easily.

The use of RFID technology has become widespread within many areas of industry. RFID provides an ideal technology for tracking assets and identifying them by using a simple low cost antenna attached to the target. It is used for identification of everything from shop tagging to vehicle tracking and many more applications.

Similar to how a radio must be tuned to different frequencies to hear different channels, RFID tags and readers have to be tuned to the same frequency in order to communicate. RFID uses several radio frequencies and many types of tag exist with different communication methods and power supply sources. RFID tags generally feature an electronic chip with an antenna in order to pass information onto the interrogator (also known as a base station or more generally, reader). The assembly is called an inlay and is then packaged to be able to withstand the conditions in which it will operate. This finished product is known as a tag, label or transponder.

RFID is considered as a non specific short range device. It can use frequency bands without a license. Its range differs from 1–12 meters with speed of 640 kbps. RFID has to be compliant with local regulations (ETSI, FCC etc.) most countries have assigned 125 to 134 kHz of the spectrum for low-frequency RFID systems; 13.56 MHz is generally used around the world for high-frequency RFID systems. UHF RFID systems use 433, and 860-960 MHz and 2.45 / 5.8 GHz are super high frequencies.